In Japan, many Zen temples and their gardens consist of conspicuous areas where emptiness prevails. This "charged emptiness" is anchored in the Taoist and Buddhist philosophies. Whether or not Zen is a philosophy, one cannot remain unaware of the perfection that derives from it. Zen is integral to Japanese culture, and has influenced Japanese poetry, art, calligraphy and ink painting, as well as architecture, garden design, and the tea ceremony. Art influenced by the Buddhist doctrine of "emptiness" reflects the concept of "suchness" (the way things are). In art, emptiness of a surrounding area is intended to help both artist and viewer to avoid striving for luxury and splendour, and to perceive reality directly, without mediation. According to this concept, creativity and practicability are endemic to every action, and simplicity is their common ground. The "charged emptiness" is the basis of this symbolic simplicity.